Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
Many species with similar shells live in the world: from Aleutian to Taiwan & China Sea, Norway to Mediterranean, Mozambique & South Africa to South Australia and New Zealand. Most of the epithets that are considered as synonyms (aperta, apertissima, quadrilobata, quadripartita…) might refer, in fact, to valid species. According to Price et al. (2011), based on anatomy, P. aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) and P. quadripartita are two distinct species, the first one in South Africa and Mozambique, the second one in European seas.

Predator in the upper infralittoral.
Beached, Porto Grande di Siracusa, SE. Sicily. 10mm.
Synonym recognized by WoRMS: schroeteri Philippi.
10m deep, on sand, SE. coast of Spinalonga peninsula, Elounda, Lasithi, N. Crete. 19mm.
As bivalve eaters, Philinidae use gizzard plates to crush the shells they ingest. Their shells can often been found on the sublittoral-infralittoral sandy-muddy bottoms upon which the animals hunt. – Beached, Cervia, Ravenna, NE. Italy. 13mm.
Collected at 1-2m deep, sand bottom, La Manga, Mar Menor, Murcia, S. Spain. Sizes circa 20mm.
Canal du Rhône à Sète, western entrance, Sète, Hérault, Occitania, S. France. Original picture provided by A. López-Arenas i Cama for iNaturalist – (CC BY-NC).
Above and below: specimens from Irish Sea. On sand at low tide, Llandonna, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom. 15-15mm.
Sexual dimorphism: males are larger than females. 13-19mm.

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